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Objective To analyze the distribution of pathogens in the genital tract of infertile female,and comparing traditional methods with simultaneous amplification and testing (SAT) in the detection of UU,CT,NG and MG.Methods 467 female infertility patients were selected from the reproductive center of Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University between June and September 2016 to analyze the distribution of UU,CT,MG and NG.The age was between 20 to 48 years old (mean 31.52±6.83 years old).352 cases of female patients with assisted reproductive technology were selected,aged from 21 to 46 years old (mean 30.67±6.67 years old).The swabs were tested by traditional methods or SAT.The sensitivity and specificity of the methods in detecting the pathogens were evaluated according to the experimental results.Results Among the 467 infertile women,the number of UU positive cases was the highest,the positive rate was 62.53％ (292/467),the positive rate of CT was 1.93％ (9/467) and the positive rate of NG was 0.21％ (1/467),and the positive rate of MG was 1.71％ (8/467).UU infection rate was higher in infertile women than normal control group 23.81％ (25/105) (x2 =52.01,P＜0.01).352 cases of female patients with assisted reproductive technology were selected for further analysis.For UU detection,the positive rate of swab samples detected by liquid culture was 48.9％,while the positive rate detected by SAT was 63.9％.Obviously the positive rate of SAT was higher than that of liquid culture.Swab culture and SAT results were analyzed by paired x2 test (x2 =41.93,P＜0.01).The positive rate of CT SAT was 1.71％,and the positive rate of CT-latex method was 0.28 ％.There was significant difference between CT latex method and SAT (Fisher exact probabilistic method statistical analysis,P＜0.005),which indicated that SAT method had a higher sensitivity.The positive rate (1.7 ％) and sensitivity (100％) of SAT were also higher than that of traditional method.Conclusion UU was the most common pathogen in female reproductive tract pathogens,followed by CT and MG.The SAT method has higher sensitivity than the conventional method in detecting of UU and CT.
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Introduction:Dual infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia sp has been reported in several studies worldwidein men presenting with urethral discharge. The rate of co-infection has been reported to be between 1.5 to 51%.This study aims to determine the demographic characteristics and sexual behaviour of men diagnosed to haveurethritis.Methods:This is a retrospective study on all men who presented with urethral discharge and diagnosed to havegonococcal (GU) and non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) for the year 2011 to 2015 in Genito-UrinaryMedicine Clinic (GUM), Hospital Kuala Lumpur. The case notes were retrieved and reviewed.Results:There were a total of 307 men who attended the GUM clinic with urethral discharge. The mean ageof patients was 26.4 years (range 16-57 years). Majority (64.5%) were in the age group between 20-29 years. Around 95% were Malaysians and of these about 80% were Malays. Thirty-seven patients(12%) completed their tertiary education. There were 24 patients (8%) documented to have substanceabuse. Majority (78%) were heterosexual. About 36% of patients had 2 or more partners (range 2-10)6 months before the symptoms developed. The most common cause of urethritis was gonococcalurethritis (66.4%), followed by NGU (24.4%). Among the NGU, nine were detected to have Chlamydiasp infection (12%). Co-infection with Neisseria gonorrhoea and Chlamydia sp were detected in 28men (9.1%). Seven (2.3%) were HIV seropositive.Conclusion:Majority of males diagnosed with gonorrhoea were heterosexuals acquired mainly via casual partners.About 10% had co-infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia sp.
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Objective To investigate non gonococcal urethritis mycoplasma and chlamydia infection and drug sensitivity status.Methods From June 2014 to December 2014,120 cases of non gonococcal urethritis patients in our hospital were given chlamydia trachomatis,ureaplasma,mycoplasma detection and mycoplasma culture and drug sensitivity test of mycoplasma.Mycoplasma and chlamydia test results were compared between male and female patients.Positive drug sensitivity test results of ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu) and mycoplasma hominis (Mh) were observed.Results Among the 120 patients with positive detection,the proportion of Uu was the highest,up to 41.67％ (50/120);the second was Mh,accounting for 31.67％ (38/120).The detection rate of Uu in women (57.14％)was significantly higher than that in males (28.13％),and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =10.35,P ＜ 0.05).The susceptibility of mycoplasma to pristinamycin susceptible rate highest,Uu and type mycoplasma reached 100.00％;followed by doxycycline,the susceptibility of Uu reached 98.00％ and the susceptibility of Mh to 100.00％;sensitive rates of Uu and Mh to josamycin were 96.00％ and 90.48％.The sensitive rates of Uu and Mh to tetracycline were 92.00％ and 90.48％ respectively.Conclusion The mycoplasma infection was mainly caused by Uu.Clinical treatment of mycoplasma infection can be based on the drug sensitivity test results to reasonably choose antibiotics,and sensitive rates of pristinamycin,doxycycline were higher.
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Mycoplasma genitalium is a member of genital mycoplasmas, which is emerging as an important causative agent of sexually transmitted infections both in males and females. The advent of polymerase chain reaction and other molecular methods have made studies on M. genitalium more feasible, which is otherwise a difficult organism to isolate. Besides Chlamydia trachomatis, M. genitalium is now an important and established cause of non gonococcal urethritis (NGU) in men, more so in persistent and recurrent NGU. Multiple studies have also shown a positive association of M. genitalium with mucopurulent cervicitis and vaginal discharge in females as well. The evidences for M. genitalium pelvic inflammatory diseases and infertility are quite convincing and indicate that this organism has potential to cause ascending infection. Lack of clear association with M. genitalium has been reported for bacterial vaginosis and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Diagnosis of M. genitalium infections is performed exclusively using nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), owing to poor or slow growth of bacterium in culture. Although there are no guidelines available regarding treatment, macrolide group of antimicrobials appear to be more effective than tetracyclines. The present review provides an overview of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation and management of sexually transmitted infections due to M. genitalium.
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OBJECTIVE To collect the document about drug sensitivity in mycoplasma-infected cases in Beijing area and to instruct drug-selecting in clinic treatment. METHODS Drug sensitivity test on 263 Mycoplasma-positive non-gonococcal urethritis(NGU)(mucopurulent cervicitis,MPC)cases was conducted. RESULTS Tetracyclines and minocycline performed the highest sensitivity(94.68%),followed by josamycin(94.30%) and doxycycline(91.63%).Lomefloxacin had the lowest sensitivity(15.59%). CONCLUSIONS Tetracyclines and macrolides can be employed as the first-choice drugs in NGU(MPC)treatment.
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A retrospective study of 152 heterosexual male patients with non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) was carried out to find out the efficacious treatment of NGU. We obtained urethral swabs for analysis by Chlamydiazyme (Abbott, North Chicago, IL) and Gram's stain from all patients. We classified the patients into two groups: 72 patients with no history of treatment (group I), and 80 patients with recurrent or persistent NGU (group II). Doxycycline was initially administered to 130 patients about two weeks. Ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, or doxycycline as second-line antibiotics were used in the patients with recurrent or persistent NGU after treatment with doxycycline. C. trachomatis was detected in 50 (32.9%) of the 152 patients: a larger proportion (40.3%) of the group I than the group II (26.3%) was chlamydia-positive, but the difference between two groups was not significant (p>0.05). After treatment with doxycycline, a higher cure rate was observed in the chlamydia-positive men (72.5% ; 29 of 40 patients) than in the chlamydia- negative men (50.0% ; 45 of 90 patients): in 90 chlamydia-negative men, 27 (75.0%) of 36 patients of the group I and 18 (33.3%) of 64 patients of the group II was cured (p<0.05). Doxycycline was efficacious for the chlamydia-positive men. But the patients with recurrent or persistent chlamydia-negative NGU were tend to be resistant to doxycycline therapy.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Chlamydia trachomatis , Ciprofloxacin , Doxycycline , Erythromycin , Heterosexuality , Retrospective Studies , UrethritisABSTRACT
Possible role of chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) in non-gonococcal Urethritis and chronic prostatitis was investigated by enzyme immunoassay technique in a study of 85 cases of non-gonococcal urethritis and 23 chronic prostatitis cases. 1. C. trachomatis was detected from 21 (24.7%) of 85 non-gonococcal urethritis patients and third decade represented the highest positive rate. 2. C. trachomatis was detected from 5 cases (21.7%) of 23 chronic prostatitis patients. 3. A significantly higher positive C. trachomatis detection rate of 60. 7% was obtained from those with a profuse urethral discharge compared with those with a scanty discharge. 4. A significantly higher positive C. trachomatis detection rate of 52.3% was obtained from cases with no previous history of urethritis compared with those who had previous history of urethritis in 85 cases of non-gonococcal urethritis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Chlamydia trachomatis , Chlamydia , Immunoenzyme Techniques , Prostatitis , UrethritisABSTRACT
The urethral discharge was cultured on 87 patients who were suspected as non-gonococcal urethritis by clinical symptoms and Gram's stain. Among them, H. vaginalis could be cultured and isolated from 9 patients. The results obtained in this investigation were summarized as follows. 1. The distribution of age showed the highest incidence in 20 to 39 years. The ratio of gonococcal to non-gonococcal urethritis was 1:2.2. The isolated organisms were S. aureus (15 cases), H. vaginalis (9 cases), Streptococcus (8 cases), Diphtheroid (7 cases), S. epidermidis (4 cases), Enterobacter (1 case), Pseudomonas (1 case), Acinetobacter (1 case), and Corynebacterium species (1 case) in order Of their frequency. 2. In group of the patients with H. vaginalis, incubation period was 10 to 20 days in the majority of patients, and there were no clinical symptoms except scanty urethral discharge, and there was no extra-marital sexual relations in 3 patients. 3. Gram (-) bacilli and coccobacilli were found in Gram's stain. And WBC was found in the counts of less than 10/HPF in 78%. 4. All the H. vaginalis were sensitive to ampicillin and cephlosporin in sensitivity test. 5. The incidence of H. vaginalis urethritis in man corresponded to 7% of all urethritis, and 10% of non-gonococcal urethritis.